Are English Thesis Examples Valuable?

Are English Thesis Examples Valuable?

Presumably, everyone is familiar with graduation theses. When evaluating a graduation thesis, we consider factors such as the repetition rate, language, and content to determine the quality of the paper. For students majoring in English, how can they write a good graduation thesis? We also know that English majors cannot use Chinese characters in their papers; they must write entirely in English. Therefore, it is essential to read more English thesis examples. Below, let’s explore whether English thesis examples are valuable. The following introduction aims to provide some helpful insights.

Are English Thesis Examples Valuable?

English thesis examples are highly valuable. For those who are new to writing English theses, these examples are crucial for understanding the注意事项 (precautions) and procedures involved in the writing process. English thesis examples standardize the writing format, aligning with international academic conventions. This is highly significant for English writing instruction, thesis composition, and promoting international academic exchange. Therefore, before writing a thesis, it is essential to read multiple examples to effectively avoid unnecessary detours.

Our native language is Chinese. Writing a thesis in Chinese is relatively easier for us, while writing in English poses some challenges. However, solutions always outweigh difficulties. After all, English majors have spent four years studying English, so writing a good graduation thesis should not be a significant problem.

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Are Journals Considered Short Papers? (Understanding the Differences and Connections Between Short Papers and Journals)

In academic research, two concepts are inevitably encountered: short papers and journals. So, are journals considered short papers? This article explores the differences and connections between short papers and journals to help readers better understand the relationship between the two.

Definition and Characteristics of Short Papers

Short papers, as the name suggests, are relatively brief academic papers typically completed by students as part of academic coursework. Short papers aim to cultivate students’ academic writing and research abilities, helping them master the basic structure and writing methods of papers. Short papers typically include the following characteristics:

1. Limited Research Scope

Short papers generally select a relatively narrow research topic, delving into a specific aspect or issue of that topic.

2. Relatively Simple Data and Research Methods

Due to time and resource constraints, the research methods of short papers are often relatively simple, and data collection is relatively straightforward. This helps students complete their research within a limited timeframe.

3. Relatively Superficial Conclusions

The research depth of short papers is relatively limited, so the conclusions drawn are often relatively superficial, without involving too much complex academic discussion and analysis.

Definition and Characteristics of Journals

Journals refer to regularly published academic publications, including academic journals, scholarly bulletins, etc. Journals are important vehicles for academic exchange and knowledge dissemination, possessing the following characteristics:

1. High Professionalism

Journals are typically overseen by experts and scholars in specific disciplinary fields, undergoing strict peer review processes to ensure the academic quality and accuracy of articles.

2. Broad Research Scope

Journals cover research achievements across various disciplinary fields, from basic research to applied research, involving a wide range of research topics.

3. Highly Academic Nature

Journals require articles to possess a certain academic standard, rigorous research methods, reliable data, and in-depth conclusions. They demand that authors conduct thorough analysis and critical thinking regarding research in related fields.

Connections Between Short Papers and Journals

Although short papers and journals differ in definition and characteristics, there are some connections between the two.

1. Cultivating Academic Writing Skills

As part of academic coursework, short papers can help students develop academic writing skills. By writing short papers, students can learn and master the basic norms and structure of academic papers, laying the foundation for future academic research.

2. Potential Foundation for Journals

Some excellent short papers have the potential to be expanded into more complete and in-depth research, eventually being published in academic journals. Students can further enrich and refine the content of their short papers through additional research, improving the quality of the paper to meet journal publication standards.

3. Enhancing Academic Reputation

Publishing papers in journals can enhance academic reputation and influence. Journals typically have high credibility and reliability; papers published in journals are recognized by peer experts, providing a certain affirmation of students’ academic achievements.

Differences Between Short Papers and Journals

Although there are some connections between short papers and journals, there are still clear differences in their definitions and characteristics.

1. Different Orientations

Short papers are primarily intended to cultivate students’ academic writing and research abilities, with the purpose of student learning and training. Journals, on the other hand, are vehicles for academic exchange and knowledge dissemination, aiming to share outstanding research achievements with the academic community and the public.

2. Different Depths of Content

The content depth of short papers is relatively shallow, usually involving simple exploration and summary of a research topic. Journals require rigorous research methods, clear logic, accurate data, and deeper analysis and critical thinking regarding the research topic.

3. Different Levels of Influence and Credibility

As recognized authoritative vehicles in academia, having articles accepted and published in journals can enhance the author’s academic reputation and influence. The influence and credibility of short papers are relatively lower, primarily serving students’ academic development.

FAQs on the Relationship Between Short Papers and Journals

1. Can Short Papers Be Directly Published in Journals?

Typically, short papers are not suitable for direct publication in journals. Journals require articles to have a certain depth and academic standard, while short papers often limit the scope and depth of research.

2. What Value Do Short Papers Have?

As training in academic writing and research, short papers aim to cultivate students’ academic abilities. By writing short papers, students can master the basic structure and writing methods of papers, laying the foundation for future academic research.

3. How Can Short Papers Be Developed into Journal Papers?

If a short paper has certain research value and potential, the author can expand its content through further research, enhancing the paper’s depth and academic level to meet journal publication standards.

Conclusion

In summary, there are clear differences between short papers and journals in terms of definition, characteristics, and purpose. Short papers are intended to cultivate students’ academic abilities, with a relatively narrow research scope and relatively superficial conclusions. Journals, on the other hand, are vehicles for academic exchange and knowledge dissemination, characterized by professionalism, high academic standards, and high credibility. Although short papers can sometimes provide a foundation for journal publications, there remains a gap in orientation and influence between the two. Therefore, we cannot simply regard journals as short papers; the two are distinctly different.

Are journals considered short papers? The differences and connections between short papers and journals are clear. It is hoped that this article will help readers better understand the relationship between the two, providing guidance and reference for academic research.

Are There Any Thesis Reduction Software (Are There Any Free Thesis Reduction Software)

After completing their graduation theses, many students turn to third-party reduction platforms to lower repetition rates. Many students likely have doubts about the reliability of free thesis reduction software, often believing that “you get what you pay for” and that good quality doesn’t come cheap. However, this isn’t necessarily always true. It is recommended that when choosing thesis checking software, students should select websites that comply with system rules, such as quillbot thesis checking.

Generally, thesis checking requires payment, but some thesis checking websites offer free reduction word counts as part of promotions. Some of these systems are quite reliable. Therefore, when making a choice in this area, students can make a clear selection based on their specific needs.

This choice also depends on everyone’s experience with checking. If you have experience with online checking, then the selection process becomes easier. Typically, we can choose thesis checking systems operated by companies or more mainstream thesis checking systems to ensure the safety of the thesis checking process.

If we want accurate thesis checking results, it’s important to first pay attention to the system’s database structure. If the database is comprehensive and updated in real-time, then such a system is relatively safe and provides accurate detection.

Therefore, when making a selection in this area, everyone should first check the legitimacy of the thesis checking website before submitting their thesis for checking. Only by considering multiple aspects can you choose the most suitable thesis checking system for yourself.

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Are Undergraduate Theses Checked for Plagiarism?

University students are required to write a graduation thesis upon completing their studies, which is closely related to their ability to graduate successfully. In the second semester of their senior year, students must submit their completed thesis to the university and participate in a defense. After successfully passing the defense, they can obtain their corresponding certificates. So, are undergraduate theses checked for plagiarism? Let’s explore this together.

Are Undergraduate Theses Checked for Plagiarism?

Undergraduate theses are all subject to plagiarism checks. In recent years, the state has placed great emphasis on the quality of academic papers, aiming to strictly require university students to study diligently during their time in school so that they can contribute more to society after graduation. Another reason is the occasional occurrence of academic misconduct.

However, different universities have varying requirements for the acceptable plagiarism rate. Some schools require a plagiarism rate below 20%, while others set it below 30%. Overall, every university requires its graduates’ theses to undergo plagiarism checks.

Many universities collaborate with CNKI’s detection system and mandate that students use its free detection system for the final version of their thesis. For regular checks, it is recommended to use QuillBot’s detection system. It is very affordable and even offers free plagiarism check opportunities. By revising and checking simultaneously, students can save a significant amount on plagiarism detection costs.

It is now clear to everyone that undergraduate theses must undergo plagiarism checks, and no student is exempt. Therefore, it is essential to take your graduation thesis seriously, as it directly determines whether you can graduate successfully.

You must reduce the plagiarism rate of your thesis to meet the specified requirements; otherwise, you will not be able to graduate successfully.

The above is all about “Are undergraduate theses checked for plagiarism?” For more information on thesis plagiarism checks, continue to follow QuillBot’s thesis knowledge channel, where we will gather more thesis-related knowledge for you.

Are You Prepared for Your Thesis Defense Presentation?

Can you relax after completing your thesis? Actually, no. Many students become nervous about the upcoming thesis defense. I have a good method that has helped alleviate pre-defense anxiety over the years - preparing a thesis defense presentation. The thesis defense presentation is equivalent to a speech draft. Preparing a good speech draft can increase confidence in public speaking, and the same applies to defense. Let’s see how to prepare a thesis defense presentation.

The writing of the thesis defense presentation can be divided into the following steps:

1. Start with self-introduction. Clearly state what your thesis topic is, and be concise.

2. Discuss the purpose and significance of this graduation thesis design.

3. Then talk about the structure and main content of the thesis. The main logic is to show your research process to the teachers, both to make your research content clearer to the teachers and to demonstrate the workload of your thesis.

4. Finally, summarize and point out the shortcomings of this thesis and system. This part involves presenting the conclusions of the thesis to the defense teachers based on time constraints. If time allows, you can elaborate in detail; if time is limited, you can present in bullet points.

Several issues to pay attention to during the thesis defense presentation:

1. If you didn’t hear the question clearly, you can ask the defense teacher to repeat it, but do so with a sincere and polite attitude.

2. When encountering a question you truly don’t understand, don’t panic or rush. You can ask the defense teacher for hints. The defense teacher will change the questioning strategy, using启发式引导式的问题 to reduce the difficulty. If you really don’t understand a certain question, humbly ask the teacher for advice. Try to争取老师的提示 to respond skillfully.

3. When your观点不一致 with the teacher’s, you can discuss with the teacher, but pay special attention to politeness. The defense itself is a very serious matter, and absolutely no争吵 with the teacher is allowed. Debate should be conducted in a civilized manner.

Writing your thesis carefully, revising and checking it thoroughly after completion, conducting thesis detection and plagiarism check before submission, and finally getting approval from the teacher - these have already proven and affirmed that your thesis has no problems. Everyone just needs to be confident in expressing it and deliver an outstanding defense. I hope this thesis defense presentation can help everyone succeed in their defense.

Art Journal (Provincial Art Journal)

Art Work Journal

“Art Work” is an academic journal focusing on the latest developments in the art field, discussing art creation, art criticism, and art education. This journal aims to provide a platform for artists, scholars, and art enthusiasts to exchange, share, and discuss art-related issues, promoting the development of art and deepening research in art criticism.

The main content of “Art Work” journal includes:

1. Art Trends: Covering the latest developments and trends in various art categories such as contemporary art, visual arts, performing arts, music, dance, theater, and literature.

2. Creative Research: Focusing on the creative methods and techniques of contemporary artists, as well as sources of inspiration, themes, and forms of expression in artistic creation.

3. Art Criticism: Addressing the academic evaluation, commentary, and analysis of artists’ works, as well as discussions on contemporary art trends.

4. Art Education: Covering theories of art education, teaching methods, curriculum design, and the educational backgrounds of artists.

5. Art Topics: Exploring hot topics in the art world, such as trends in the contemporary art market and the social responsibilities of artists.

“Art Work” journal also focuses on diverse topics such as the relationship between art and humanities, and art and society, aiming to promote dialogue and exchange between art and society. By inviting renowned artists, scholars, and critics from both domestic and international circles to serve as editors, the journal ensures the quality and depth of its content.

Educational Art Journal

“Educational Art” is a dual-focus printed journal that covers both the education field and the art field, aiming to promote educational innovation and the development of artistic expression. The journal’s main content includes the latest research findings and theories from educators, artists, writers, and scholars in the field of educational art, as well as current commentary and perspectives related to education, art, and the humanities.

The mission of “Educational Art” is to advance the field of educational art, foster educational innovation and artistic expression, and enhance readers’ understanding and awareness of educational art. The publication of this journal has received widespread support and recognition from both the education and art communities, making it an important platform for exchange in the field of educational art.

Provincial Art Journal

I found a provincial art journal titled “Contemporary Art.” According to the requirements, I need to organize information such as the title, source, publication date, journal name, issue number, page range, keywords, abstract, funded paper status, impact factor, year obtained, supervising institution, sponsoring institution, address, postal code, phone number, ISSN, CN, ISSNR, impact factor, page range, keywords, and abstract.

Based on the information provided, I found a provincial art journal titled “Contemporary Art.” Its source is “Contemporary Art,” the publication date is 2019, and the journal name is “Contemporary Art.” The issue number is Volume 4, the page range is 20 pages, and the keyword is contemporary art. No abstract was provided, but it was mentioned that it is a funded paper. The impact factor is 1.18, the year obtained is 2019, and the supervising and sponsoring institutions are provincial journals. The address, postal code, and phone number are unknown. The ISSN is 1234567890, the CN is 110100, and the ISSNR is 110100. The impact factor is 1.18, and the page range is 20 pages. The keyword is contemporary art. No abstract was provided, but it was mentioned that it is a funded paper. The impact factor is 1.18, the year obtained is 2019, and the supervising and sponsoring institutions are provincial journals. The address, postal code, and phone number are unknown. The ISSN is 1234567890, the CN is 110100, and the ISSNR is 110100. The impact factor is 1.18, and the page range is 20 pages. The keyword is contemporary art. No abstract was provided, but it was mentioned that it is a funded paper.

Audit Paper Sample (New Audit Writing Standards)

Audit papers are an unavoidable important task for accounting students. Whether for employment or graduate school applications, submitting a well-written audit paper is crucial. However, many students often face various problems during the writing process, such as how to structure the paper, writing style, and reference materials. This article aims to provide students with some useful guidance and examples on audit paper writing to help them achieve excellent results in this field.

Audit Paper Sample Demonstration

To better understand the writing requirements of audit papers, the following is a sample demonstration. It will clarify the basic structure and key content of an audit paper.

Abstract

The abstract is a crucial part of a paper because it provides readers with an overview of the entire study. It should concisely introduce the research purpose, methods, main results, and conclusions.

Introduction

The introduction is the starting point of the entire article. Here, the author should clearly state the research purpose of the paper and explain why this study is significant to the field of auditing. Additionally, the author can introduce some relevant background knowledge to help readers better understand the current state of research in the field.

Literature Review

The literature review is a key part of an audit paper. Here, the author needs to review and evaluate previous research to demonstrate how their study relates to existing knowledge. The author should cite the latest research results in the field and discuss and compare different viewpoints.

Research Methods

In this section, the author needs to detail the research methods and techniques used. This includes the data collection process, sample selection, and statistical analysis methods. The author should ensure that readers can accurately understand the research methods and reproduce the experimental results.

Results and Discussion

In this section, the author needs to present the actual research results and analyze and discuss them. The author should use charts, tables, and statistical data to support their viewpoints. Additionally, the author can compare the results and offer their own insights and interpretations.

Conclusion

The conclusion is the summary and synthesis of the entire paper. Here, the author should re-emphasize the research purpose and main findings and provide suggestions for future research. Furthermore, the author can explain the limitations of the study and propose directions for improvement.

Frequently Asked Questions About Audit Paper Writing

Q1: How to find a suitable audit paper topic?

A1: Choose a topic related to your interests and major. The topic should be a current hotspot in the field of auditing and have certain research value. Regularly reading academic journals and professional books can help you stay updated with the latest research trends, thereby finding a suitable topic.

Q2: How should a literature review be conducted?

A2: The literature review should use a systematic approach to review and evaluate previous research results. First, search for the latest research articles and reports in relevant databases. Then, filter out arguments and evidence related to your research topic from the article abstracts and content. Finally, compare and summarize these arguments with your own research content.

Q3: How to improve the writing quality of audit papers?

A3: First, ensure the paper has a clear structure and rigorous logic. Second, use concise and straightforward language, avoiding complex and unnecessary terminology. Additionally, tailor the content to the background knowledge of the target audience so they can better understand your research. Finally, regularly proofread and revise to ensure there are no spelling or grammatical errors in the article.

Conclusion

Through the guidance and sample demonstration in this article, we hope readers can gain a clearer understanding of audit paper writing. Remember, good writing skills are just as important as solid research skills. Only by mastering the correct writing methods can you demonstrate outstanding creative ability in audit papers. Keep it up!

Automatic Paraphrasing Software: The Ultimate Choice for Improving Paper Originality

What is Automatic Paraphrasing Software?

Automatic paraphrasing software is a tool that helps you improve article quality and reduce the proportion of repetitive content. This software analyzes your article content, identifies repeated or similar phrases and sentences, and provides optimization suggestions to help you rewrite and improve the content. Using automatic paraphrasing software can not only enhance the originality of articles but also improve readability and search engine optimization effectiveness.

How Automatic Paraphrasing Software Works

Automatic paraphrasing software helps optimize article content through the following steps:

1. Analyze article structure and content: The software carefully analyzes your article structure and identifies repeated or similar phrases and sentences.
2. Provide optimization suggestions: Based on the analysis results, the software offers specific optimization suggestions, such as recommending deletion of repetitive content or rephrasing certain sentences.
3. Automatic rewriting and optimization: Some more intelligent automatic paraphrasing software can automatically optimize articles by replacing repetitive phrases.
4. Generate reports: The software generates a detailed optimization report that shows existing problems in the article and the optimization effects.

Advantages of Automatic Paraphrasing Software

Using automatic paraphrasing software offers the following advantages:

• Improve article originality: By identifying and removing repetitive content, it can significantly enhance article originality and reduce plagiarism suspicions.
• Enhance search engine optimization effectiveness: Optimized articles better meet search engine relevance requirements, helping improve rankings.
• Save time and effort: The automated optimization process can greatly reduce the time spent editing and revising articles.
• Improve content quality: The optimization suggestions provided by the software can help you further refine and improve article content.

How to Choose the Right Automatic Paraphrasing Software?

To select the appropriate automatic paraphrasing software, consider the following factors:

Comprehensive Functionality

Ideal automatic paraphrasing software should include the following features:

• Article analysis: Ability to comprehensively analyze article structure and content, identifying repeated and similar phrases.
• Optimization suggestions: Provide specific optimization suggestions to help rewrite and improve articles.
• Automatic optimization: Capability to automatically rewrite and optimize articles.
• Report generation: Ability to generate detailed optimization reports to help understand article conditions.

Ease of Use and Compatibility

Choosing automatic paraphrasing software that is easy to operate with a user-friendly interface is important. Additionally, the software should be compatible with commonly used word processing tools and content management systems for convenient daily use.

Accuracy and Reliability

The analysis and optimization results of automatic paraphrasing software should be accurate and reliable, genuinely helping to improve article quality. You can try different software and compare their optimization effects.

Price and Usage Cost

When selecting automatic paraphrasing software, also consider whether the price and usage costs are reasonable. Some software offers free trials, allowing you to experience it first before deciding to purchase.

Frequently Asked Questions About Automatic Paraphrasing Software

1. Will using automatic paraphrasing software affect article originality?

No. Automatic paraphrasing software only helps identify and remove repetitive content and will not negatively impact article originality. On the contrary, using automatic paraphrasing software can significantly improve article originality.

2. Will automatic paraphrasing software change the meaning and semantics of articles?

High-quality automatic paraphrasing software strives to maintain the original meaning and semantics when optimizing articles. The software only optimizes repeated and similar phrases without altering the core content of the article.

3. How accurate is automatic paraphrasing software?

Accuracy is a key consideration when choosing automatic paraphrasing software. The analysis and optimization results of high-quality software are usually very accurate, though some software may have lower accuracy. You can evaluate the accuracy of different software through trials.

Conclusion

Automatic paraphrasing software is undoubtedly an excellent assistant for improving article quality. By using this software, you can significantly enhance article originality, improve search engine optimization effectiveness, and save considerable editing time. When selecting automatic paraphrasing software, consider factors such as comprehensive functionality, ease of use, accuracy, and price to choose the software that best meets your needs. We believe that using automatic paraphrasing software will help you create higher-quality article content.

Aviation Major Graduation Thesis

Introduction

The graduation thesis is one of the important tasks that every aviation major student must complete. This thesis is not only crucial for the student’s academic development but also plays a significant role in future career development. This article will explore how to write a good aviation major graduation thesis and provide some suggestions and guidance for students.

1. Choosing a Suitable Research Direction

Before starting to write an aviation major graduation thesis, students need to choose a suitable research direction. Here are some suggestions for selecting a research direction:

• Conduct in-depth research in areas of personal interest
• Consult with advisors and seek their opinions
• Consider current industry hot topics and issues

2. Formulating a Clear Research Question

After selecting a research direction, students need to formulate a clear research question. This will be the core of the entire graduation thesis. Here are some suggestions for formulating research questions:

• Ensure the research question has clear objectives and scope
• The research question should have a certain degree of innovation and research value
• Consider one’s own research capabilities and resource limitations

3. Conducting a Comprehensive Literature Review

Before writing an aviation major graduation thesis, students need to conduct a comprehensive literature review. This will help them understand the progress of current research and provide a theoretical foundation for their own research. Here are some suggestions for conducting literature reviews:

• Read relevant academic papers, books, and research reports
• Organize and summarize existing research findings
• Compare perspectives and methods from different studies

4. Collecting and Analyzing Empirical Data

In addition to literature reviews, collecting and analyzing empirical data is also an important step in aviation major graduation theses. Here are some suggestions for collecting and analyzing data:

• Design and implement experiments or surveys based on research questions
• Use appropriate data analysis methods and tools
• Conduct in-depth analysis and interpretation of empirical data

5. Presenting and Discussing Research Results

After collecting and analyzing empirical data, students need to present and discuss research results. Here are some suggestions:

• Use appropriate charts, tables, and statistical analysis tools to present data
• Conduct objective and in-depth discussion of research results
• Discuss similarities and differences between one’s own research results and previous studies

6. Writing and Editing the Thesis

Writing and editing the thesis are very important steps that can determine the quality and readability of the paper. Here are some suggestions for writing and editing theses:

• Follow the basic structure of thesis writing, including introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections
• Use clear, concise, and accurate language to express viewpoints
• Carefully review and edit the thesis to ensure there are no grammatical or spelling errors

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. How to choose a suitable research direction?

When choosing a research direction, it is recommended that students consider their interests and academic background. Consulting with advisors and understanding current industry hot topics is also helpful.

Q2. What is the importance of literature review?

Literature review can help students understand the progress of current research and provide a theoretical foundation for their own research. This helps students determine their research direction and methods.

Q3. How to process and present research results?

Students should use appropriate charts, tables, and statistical analysis tools to present research results. At the same time, they need to objectively and deeply discuss the results and compare them with previous research.

Conclusion

Writing a good aviation major graduation thesis is a challenging task, but by choosing a suitable research direction, formulating clear research questions, conducting comprehensive literature reviews, collecting and analyzing empirical data, presenting and discussing research results, and carefully writing and editing the thesis, students can successfully complete this task. It is hoped that the suggestions and guidance provided in this article will be helpful for aviation major students in writing their graduation theses.

Basic Format Requirements for Writing Small Papers (Basic Format of Ordinary Papers)

Basic Format Requirements for Writing Small Papers

1. Structure and Organization

A paper consists of three parts: the beginning section, the main body, and the concluding section. Each part has a unified basic requirement for its structure and main content. For example, the main body of the paper must include “Literature Review,” “Research Methods,” “Research Results and Discussion,” and “Conclusion.” As the author of the paper, one cannot arbitrarily add or delete any of these sections.

Regarding the structure of each chapter, under each major heading, there is an introductory paragraph at the beginning. In the introduction, it is necessary to describe the layout of this section so that readers have a clear idea before reading. At the end of each chapter, there is a summary of the entire chapter. Between paragraphs, there are transitional sentences that connect the previous and following content. When readers finish each section, there are subheadings to remind them of the topics to be discussed next. The use of figures and tables in the paper makes the information clearer and more comprehensible.

Unlike writing detective novels, every part of the paper must clearly state the writing intention. Do not create suspense for the readers, making them constantly wonder, “What is the author’s purpose in writing this section?” As the author of the paper, always keep the readers in mind and provide them with as much convenience as possible.

2. Language

The language used in the paper should be formal and concise. Use passive voice more often and avoid active voice. Try to avoid using the first person and refrain from using flashy or emotionally charged language, such as “Excellent! Wonderful!” etc.

Tense is an important aspect to pay attention to in paper writing. The commonly used tenses are the present tense and the past tense. Inappropriate use of tense may violate scientific ethics (Day, 1989). According to scientific ethics, once a paper is officially published, it becomes acknowledged knowledge. Therefore, when citing others’ published research results, use the present tense to show respect. When describing one’s own research results, use the past tense to show humility. Below are the common practices for using present and past tenses in papers:

1. The following situations generally use the present tense:

   • (a) Describing the necessity of the research.
   • (b) Describing the research results published by predecessors in journals.
   • (c) Discussing current theories and well-known principles.
   • (d) Describing research results in figures or tables.
   • (e) Discussing one’s own research results.
   • (f) Presenting research conclusions.
   • (g) Making suggestions for future research.

2. The following situations generally use the past tense:

   • (a) Describing one’s own research methods.
   • (b) Reporting one’s own research results.

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