What is Paper Similarity and How to Check It

Actually, when writing a paper, besides the format, the most important aspect is the paper’s similarity. So what exactly is paper similarity? Some people might still not know. Next, let me explain what paper similarity means and where you can check it.

1. What is Paper Similarity?

Paper similarity actually refers to what we usually call the paper’s duplication rate, which is crucial when writing a paper. Regardless of the type of paper, duplication checking is required before the paper defense. If the similarity does not meet the regulations set by the school and the teacher, the paper cannot proceed to defense and must be revised accordingly. Moreover, if the revisions are not submitted by the deadline set by the school, the paper will either be unable to proceed to defense or the defense will be postponed, which can be very troublesome. Each school has different regulations regarding paper similarity, so it’s important to check your school’s specific requirements when writing your paper. In any case, ensuring the originality of your paper is very important.

2. Where to Check Paper Similarity?

Typically, most students use CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) to check paper duplication, and 95% of schools nationwide also recommend that students use CNKI to check paper similarity. However, the CNKI system is not open to individuals, so students who want to check their papers can only do so at the school library, which is very inconvenient for many. Additionally, CNKI charges relatively high fees, making it less suitable for students with financial difficulties or those who need to check their papers multiple times. You can use the Quillbot paper duplication checking system. The authority and accuracy of this system’s duplication check results are the same as CNKI’s. Although this system is not free, its fees are much lower than CNKI’s, making it more suitable for students with financial constraints or those who need to check their papers multiple times.

Employment Status and Countermeasures for College Students (Discussing the Employment Situation of College Students Under the Pandemic)

“I graduated and became unemployed” – this was a phrase I had heard even before I entered college. At the time, I didn’t understand how leaving school could lead to unemployment. I thought I would definitely find a good job and start my career. But when I became the “person involved,” I realized it really was “graduation means unemployment.”

1. Employment Status

I originally majored in civil engineering, a department dominated by boys, but as a girl, I refused to believe that gender would hold me back. I thought women could also establish themselves in engineering—gender discrimination didn’t exist!

After completing my courses at school, I began my internship. As a graduate from a specialized college, my job search was anything but smooth—it was full of ups and downs! Most employers now have recruitment conditions such as “relevant work experience,” or they hire interns with extremely low salaries and poor benefits. I considered working on a construction site, but was rejected because I am a woman. Of course, I also thought about choosing to be a small intern, but just out of school, without a stable place to live, no savings, and facing repeated rejections in interviews… all these external factors made my initial determination vanish. Sometimes I even wondered, why did I choose to study engineering? Why didn’t I choose education?…

After leaving school, the ambitious spirit I once had turned to ashes, crushed by harsh reality… In the end, I chose a job that could support myself, doing平庸而无为 (mediocre and unremarkable) tasks. Work was just a means to get off work; every day was a two-point一线 (two-point line), and seeing the future felt悲哀 (tragic).

I changed many jobs, traveled to many cities, met many different people, experienced many helpless situations, and also left behind many memories…

Actually, now that I calm down and think about it, if I had chosen to start from the basics back then, earning a salary that could barely make ends meet, slowly learning, step by step delving deeper, things would probably be different now.

Most of the time, we let external factors affect our future. I hope that those of you reading this article can strengthen your hearts, start from within, remain consistent, and the path ahead will surely be bright!

This article discusses the employment challenges faced by college students, particularly under the influence of the pandemic, and reflects on personal experiences and lessons learned in the job market.

How to Collect Data in a Thesis (Complete Guide to Thesis Literature Data Collection Methods)

A review is a common genre in scientific literature and a main component of secondary literature. Its primary purpose is to quickly comment on new knowledge in a developing field and to analyze or evaluate recent literature discussing the subject. Typically, before conducting scientific research, researchers need to consult a large amount of relevant literature, even forming a review, as necessary preparation and foundation for initiating research. Below, quillbot combines its own experience to discuss the collection and organization of materials for writing review articles.

Collecting literature is the foundation of writing a good review; the quantity and quality of literature directly affect the quality of the review. There are two principles for collecting materials: first, domestic before international, meaning first collect and organize domestic related work to understand the current research status and development history in a certain field domestically, then consult foreign related literature to understand international dynamics and frontiers, thus comprehensively grasping effective information and avoiding issues like overgeneralization; second, recent before distant, using subject headings or keywords to search for relevant Chinese and English literature, and尽可能 consulting and citing the latest literature.

Literature collection should strive to obtain original papers, experimental reports, technical summaries, patents, and related reviews, abstracts, etc. The collected materials should have the following characteristics: first, the focus of material selection should be on new materials; second, emphasize the authority of the materials; third, select materials that are representative and typical; fourth, appropriately cite some materials with different viewpoints. When collecting materials,尽可能 identify the authors, as the level of the author often determines the scientific and authoritative nature of the article.

After collecting materials, read and organize them, discarding the rough and selecting the fine. By establishing reasonable classification standards, screen, organize, and arrange materials, and according to the initially set theme, compare and distinguish materials,筛选出新颖、典型、精当的资料详细阅读. Generally, priority should be given to reading the latest published literature, reviews by more prestigious experts, important international and domestic academic conference papers, etc.

Generally, reading literature should achieve the following purposes: first, fully understand relevant research results within the research field; second, analyze the research methods and results of different authors, and whether their logical reasoning and analysis interpretation of the results are correct, etc. For similar experimental studies, when results from different authors conflict, reasons should be sought from the research experimental design, methods, conditions, etc., to decide取舍.

Although the completion of a review article relies on a large amount of materials, it is by no means a mere listing or accumulation of literature materials, but a re-creation. When organizing materials, according to the needs of the review article, make title indexes, summaries, or excerpts of the original literature, clearly sort through a large amount of literature, and make full preparation for the writing of the review article.

How to Correctly Add Footnotes in Academic Papers

A paper is composed of various parts, such as footnotes, main text, abstract, etc. So let’s talk about what footnotes are and how to add them? First, paper footnotes are usually located at the bottom of the page and are part of the text citation. Adding footnotes is also very simple: first, select “Insert Footnote” in the menu bar; second, modify non-standard parts; and finally, remove useless footnotes.

1. What are paper footnotes?

Paper footnotes or endnotes are usually located at the bottom of the page and are part of the text citation. The two important components of footnotes are the identifier for the introduction and its matching text annotation. In addition, throughout the paper writing process, students must pay attention to the skillful use of footnotes to improve the standardization and readability of the article content, allowing readers to better understand the full meaning of the article content. Its purpose is to display some information content of the webpage, such as the page information content of the annotated content or the introduction of the source of the article to fill in and display the webpage.

2. How to add paper footnotes?

Footnotes at the bottom of the main text page are generally supplementary explanations of certain content, usually including the author, book title, version, publication address and date, page number of the cited literature, etc. Students can follow the following steps when adding footnotes to the article:

1. Select “Insert Footnote” under the “Import” menu bar in Word where you want to add the paper footnote.

2. Students should note that since footnotes are dynamically arranged, if a footnote is added between two existing footnotes, the original numbering sequence will change.

If you feel that the area where the footnote must be modified needs to be entered, you can adjust the main parameters of the footnote or switch to the “Introduction” menu bar, then select the footnote marked in the lower right corner. In the “Footnote and Endnote” dialog box that opens, you can make actual changes and settings. After all changes are completed, click “Apply”.

The reason for this is that footnotes are placed in the middle of the text, rather than in the left and right order of actual operation. Of course, if you don’t find it inconvenient, you can first delete the footnote number or content at the bottom of the page, and then delete the footnote number in the article content to achieve the same practical effect.

3. If you want to remove useless footnotes, simply delete the footnote number from the article content. The footnote at the bottom of the page will also be deleted.

How to Elaborate on the Writing Ideas of a Thesis (Expressing Viewpoints Following the General-Specific-General Principle)

As the saying goes, “The beginning is the hardest part.”

To write a good graduation thesis, it is very important to make a good plan at the initial stage.

And a good start often begins with clarifying your thinking.

The writing idea of a thesis generally follows the “general-specific-general” principle: first summarize the viewpoint the article wants to express, then analyze it in detail, and finally summarize. The writing idea of a thesis is reflected in the following ten sections:

1. Title

To write a thesis, the first task is to choose a topic. After determining the direction you want to write about, you begin to draft a title. The title of a thesis is usually about 20 words long. The content of the title must show the theme that this thesis wants to express, and try to avoid setting a subtitle besides the main title. The thesis title should be straightforward, without using exclamation marks, question marks, etc. The title of a scientific paper cannot be a slogan.

2. Abstract

The abstract of an undergraduate or master’s thesis is usually between 200 and 1500 words. The content needs to briefly summarize the main content of this thesis and is generally placed at the very beginning of the thesis. The abstract should be carefully written to be engaging, so that readers feel like they are reading a condensed version of the thesis. Ideally, after reading the abstract, readers should want to know the main text content. The abstract part also needs to provide some keywords, and these keywords should be the real keywords of this academic paper.

3. Introduction

The introduction mainly explains the rationale, research background, research status, and research purpose of this article, which is very important and should be written as well as possible. A good thesis introduction often allows readers to clearly understand the content and research direction of this article after reading it. During the writing process of the introduction, it is necessary to read literature related to the topic to indicate the development direction of the research topic, and the text should be as concise as possible.

4. Research Methods

Truthfully write out the research methods used in the thesis. Commonly used research methods in theses include: literature research method, empirical research method, questionnaire survey method, case study method, quantitative analysis method, qualitative analysis method, etc. The research methods must be reflected in the main text of the thesis and cannot be fabricated out of thin air.

5. Discussion

This is the most important part of the thesis and also a relatively difficult part of thesis writing. The discussion part must have a global perspective, starting from the content to be discussed in this article, moving from perceptual analysis to rational analysis. After analyzing and reasoning the problem to be studied, the final results should be presented, presented in the form of charts combined with text. In the discussion part, the research hypothesis of this article can be proposed, and the分寸 should be appropriate, not deviating from reality or being irrelevant to this article.

6. Research Results

Summarize,精心设计, and present logically. Take the essence and discard the dross, but do not make judgments based on personal preferences, and certainly do not fabricate or falsify. The summary of the thesis conclusion must be closely related to the theme and presented in a simple and easy-to-understand form. Some data may not be suitable for this thesis but may have other uses; do not强行 add them to the thesis. The writing of the thesis should尽量 use professional terms. What can be presented in a table should not be presented in a figure to avoid taking up too much space and creating difficulties for typesetting. The order of text, tables, and figures should not be repeated.

7. Conclusion

The conclusion of the thesis should clearly and accurately indicate the research results and make a conclusive summary. The conclusion part of the thesis should be concise and can be written out item by item. Do not use vague terms such as “summary.”

8. References

This is a very important part of the thesis, and many problems arise here. Listing references ensures that readers understand the research plan of the article, facilitates their search, and also shows respect for the work of others, demonstrating the positioning of one’s own work. Therefore, the listing of references not only shows technical issues but also contains ethical issues.

RWS Clinical Research Paper Reference Model (Clinical Research Protocol)

1. Basic Principles of Research Protocol Design

Many scholars have misunderstandings about RWS, believing it is similar to clinical retrospective research, both involving retrospectively collecting clinical data and analyzing it into papers. This view is extremely incorrect. Like traditional clinical research, RWS also requires strict, scientific design, planning, and implementation, and must follow a series of basic principles and concepts of classical clinical research. Unlike a specific clinical research method in traditional clinical research, RWS is an integrated clinical research methodology system. It can be either experimental research or purely observational research; it can be prospective research or retrospective research; and in prospective RWS, randomization and other clinical research methods can also be used. Therefore, before conducting RWS, it is necessary to first clarify the practical problems that the research needs to solve. The PICO principle in evidence-based medicine [participants, intervention, comparisons, outcomes] can be used to decompose the problem, understand its essence, and thus clarify the research思路.

2. Prospective or Retrospective Design

RWS does not specify that the research must be retrospective clinical research or must be prospective clinical research. In RWS, whether the research implementation method adopts a prospective design or a retrospective design is determined by the form of data acquisition. If the data needed for the research is newly collected data, a prospective research design should be adopted; if the collected data is existing data, a retrospective research design can be adopted. Moreover, in retrospective RWS, data can come from past medical insurance data or hospital medical record registration data, as well as other previously registered and recorded data.

3. Randomization and Intervention

RWS can be either observational research, observing the relationship between potential variables and endpoint indicators; or interventional research, comparing the effects of two or even more interventions on endpoint indicators. Therefore, whether there is intervention or not is not the key point to distinguish RWS from traditional clinical research. However, it should be noted that RWS emphasizes whether the researcher has strict limits on the intervention measures. RWS requires that all intervention measures of physicians are carried out in a real medical environment. Physicians can communicate with patients, coordinate clinical diagnosis and treatment measures, and researchers only need to strictly observe and record the corresponding data and results.

Randomized or non-randomized design is also not a criterion for judging whether it is RWS. Randomization, as a method in clinical research, is also applicable to RWS. Moreover, in the category of RWS, there is a special and very important experimental research design method, namely the pragmatic randomized controlled trial (pRCT), also known as the practical randomized controlled study. pRCT refers to comparing the treatment outcomes of different intervention measures by using randomized, controlled and other research methods in a real medical environment. Although pRCT is essentially interventional research, its regulations on the specific implementation of intervention measures are lower than those of traditional RCT. pRCT does not emphasize that it must be strictly implemented according to the provisions of the research plan, and it is more flexible in the formulation of intervention strategies. Therefore, pRCT has good application prospects in the field of surgical clinical research, especially in the comparative research of surgical strategies and surgical techniques.

4. Data Collection, Acquisition and Analysis of Real World Research

Unlike classical RCT which needs to strictly define the inclusion/exclusion criteria to specify the入选人群 and intervention measures, the focus of RWS is on the authenticity and accuracy of research data. Data is the top priority of RWS. Where does the data in RWS come from? How is the data collected? How is the data processed? These three questions are the core issues of RWS, involving the three dimensions of data acquisition, data management, and data analysis and application in RWS. These three-dimensional issues are not only the key to ensuring the authenticity and reliability of RWS data, but also the main difference from traditional interventional clinical research.

Where does the data come from: RWS emphasizes that the data comes from a real medical environment. The scientific research field often says “Garbage in, Garbage out”, that is, wrong data will produce wrong evidence, which also applies to clinical research. This theory also applies to RWS. The authenticity of data is an important guarantee for the reliability of clinical evidence generated based on data. Therefore, this puts forward higher requirements for the recording of materials, data and information in the routine clinical diagnosis and treatment work of the research units that intend to carry out RWS. Considering that there are many confounding factors in surgical research, such as individual differences of patients, differences among surgeons, differences in anesthesia, and heterogeneity of tumors, etc., all may affect the judgment of research endpoint indicators.

If the corresponding clinical diagnosis and treatment information cannot be accurately recorded, it will have a great impact on the accuracy and reliability of the research conclusions. For example, in surgical clinical practice, the evaluation of intraoperative blood loss is a clinical work with relatively large bias, but this indicator is a key indicator for comparing the differences between various surgical methods. At present, there are多种方式 that can be used to evaluate intraoperative blood loss, such as: estimation by experienced intraoperative visual inspection, calculation based on vital signs or laboratory test results, or calculation by weighing intraoperative gauze and drainage bottles. However, uniformly and constantly choosing a relatively accurate evaluation method and recording it is one of the key factors to reduce possible bias.

Therefore, carrying out RWS puts forward higher requirements for daily surgical clinical work. We suggest that by standardizing preoperative laboratory examination evaluation standards, standardizing intraoperative situation recording, standardizing postoperative recovery indicator measurement, standardizing postoperative pathological standard judgment and regular follow-up evaluation, and structuring the collected data as much as possible, it will help to ensure the truthfulness, accuracy and reliability of the research data from the bottom.

How to collect data: Under the premise of ensuring the reliability of the data source, the traceability of data collection is another characteristic of RWS. Data traceability requires that all data included in the final statistical analysis decision can be traced back to its fundamental source. Although this point is consistent with the requirements for data collection in other research methods such as prospective randomized controlled studies, due to the wide range of data dimensions involved in RWS, the large number of samples, and the huge workload of data collection, how to transform the繁杂的原始病历信息 into usable data information in the database must be重点考量 at the beginning of RWS design. When designing the research plan, this problem can be solved by establishing a data quality management plan.

This data quality management plan not only stipulates where the data is collected from, but more importantly, it is reflected in structured data batch collection, unstructured data conversion, abnormal data monitoring, data logic error correction, and data Double-Check verification, etc., so as to comprehensively, systematically and accurately collect various subjective and objective medical information data during the diagnosis and treatment of subjects. With the popularization of informatization, by using the electronic medical record system, past unstructured clinical information is converted into a structured clinical data mode, and exported through the port, which greatly reduces the workload of data collection. However, how to set the structured data fields in the electronic medical record system still needs comprehensive consideration based on factors such as disease type and treatment mode. For RWS in the surgical field, the focus and difficulty of data collection lies in the regulations and collection of surgical variables.

The surgical operation habits among surgeons, individual differences among patients, and anesthesia methods are all factors that may affect the short-term and long-term observation endpoint indicators of surgical clinical research. Therefore, when designing the research plan and formulating the data quality management plan for surgical RWS, it is also necessary to重点考虑 the definition of various variables related to various surgeries. For example, in gastric cancer surgical clinical research, the scope of surgical lymph node dissection can be defined based on the postoperative pathological report of lymph node分组 and the provisions for the scope of D1, D2 and D2+ lymph node dissection in the Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines. However, considering that the categories of data that need to be collected in RWS are numerous and the amount of data is large, designing a complete data quality management plan is particularly important in RWS research.

How to analyze data: Data processing and analysis is the process of transforming real-world data into real-world evidence. This is both the focus and the difficult problem in RWS. The main purpose of conducting RWS is to explore and obtain key events related to disease diagnosis and treatment outcomes from massive clinical data through statistical methods “fishing in the sea”. Because classical RCT has controlled confounding and bias factors to the greatest extent from the perspective of research design, while RWS has various possible confounding and bias factors. Therefore, in the process of RWS data analysis, it is the key to ensuring the reliability of real-world research evidence to reasonably and effectively discover and control bias and confounding factors through scientific statistical methods. At present, in RWS statistical analysis, multiple analysis models are often used, such as propensity score matching, stratification or subclassification, and regression adjustment, etc., to control bias and confounding factors. Of course, at the beginning of the research design, it is also an essential环节 to formulate a reasonable statistical analysis plan with the assistance of statistical experts.

5. Other Considerations for RWS Design

Because RWS is also a type of clinical research, its research conduct needs to follow the basic norms and general principles of clinical research conduct. RWS also needs to review and consider its ethical issues in accordance with the principles and methods of ethical review of all clinical research. The principles普遍适用 in clinical research, such as “respect for people”, “benefit”, and “justice”, also apply to the ethical considerations of RWS. However, considering the relative particularity of RWS, there are certain particularities compared with classical clinical research in the process of research application and implementation. For example, the intervention measures of RWS are similar to routine clinical diagnosis and treatment, and the risks undertaken by subjects participating in the research are not greater than the risks of receiving routine clinical diagnosis and treatment.

In addition, because the real world pays more attention to the collection, analysis and mining of massive information, the possible risks of patient privacy leakage and information security involved in the process of collecting, storing, analyzing and mining this information in RWS are issues that RWS needs to focus on. Furthermore, all clinical research involving patient data requires the informed consent of the patient themselves. However, in RWS based on existing data, such as real-world research on medical insurance data, informed consent can usually be waived, but it needs to be reviewed and filed by the ethics committee. In prospective real-world research, obtaining patients’ informed consent is an essential环节, and subject informed consent is a不小的挑战 that must be faced in conducting RWS.

On the one hand, unlike traditional clinical research which has fixed preset intervention measures, the clinical intervention measures of RWS changes, and researchers usually need to fully and clearly inform patients of the purpose of the research and various clinical possibilities, so that potential subjects without medical background can clearly understand the purpose and risks of the research and voluntarily participate in the research;

On the other hand, because RWS needs to obtain comprehensive and massive data information as much as possible, patients’ refusal to participate in the research may affect the coverage of the research population, thereby affecting the research efficacy. Therefore, to obtain the consent of each subject to participate in the research as much as possible, and to ensure the external authenticity of the research results, is what needs to be paid attention to in the implementation process of prospective RWS.

Research Methods for Master's Theses and Techniques to Avoid High Repetition Rates

For master’s students, one essential task before graduation is to write and submit their thesis. So, what are the specific steps and how should they be written? Next, we will explain these two issues! How should we clarify our writing思路?

First, we need to understand that the writing process for a master’s thesis includes: selecting a topic, reviewing literature, outlining, drafting, revising, and finally, checking for plagiarism.

1. Selecting a topic: Topic selection is a very important and essential part of the research methods for a master’s thesis.

2. Thesis title: The thesis title should be named or standardized around the central theme of the paper.

3. Outline: This involves organizing the content of the paper based on collected materials for reader decision-making.

4. Drafting the outline: List the entire article from beginning to end, then use logical thinking to arrange materials and plans.

5. Outline writing: Develop the thesis outline according to the increased workload.

In the early stages of writing, everyone can start by reading a large number of reference materials and introducing them through citations. During the writing process, we will encounter many difficulties. First-time writers must clearly understand that one task is to choose a suitable topic. At the beginning of the paper, introduce the topic concisely and precisely. Second, read the article to see if there are any parts that overlap significantly with others. If there are, use the provided clues to revise the paper and ultimately present your own work. Third, check the detection report and follow the instructions to modify the paper.

Moreover, many domestic schools now require students to use free paper detection systems for checking. So, if there is extensive copying and pasting or plagiarism in the paper, how should we handle it? Below, we introduce several techniques for research methods and reducing paper repetition rates.

1. Keyword Introduction Method: This is currently the simplest and easiest way to reduce repetition rates. Since all keywords in the paper may be detected, try to minimize the number of highlighted sections during writing. Otherwise, the entire paper may appear overly lengthy with a high repetition rate.

2. Inserting Spaces Method: Appropriately add some footnotes in the reference section at the beginning of the paper, but do not exceed five characters.

During plagiarism checks, it is possible to appropriately rephrase some sentences.

3. Original Writing Method: This involves writing the content yourself. It is the most straightforward method but also the most difficult to pass thesis review.

As long as your paper is original and there is no suspicion of copying or borrowing from others, even if the plagiarism check fails, it may still be acceptable.

4. Wording Change Method: During plagiarism checks, you can change the order of repetitive sections according to the original meaning or alter the sentence structure to reduce repetition rates.

However, be careful to avoid images, formulas, code, etc., as these can affect the paper’s repetition rate.

Research Topics in Sociology of Tourism (Comprehensive List of Sociology of Tourism Paper Topics)

Tourism sociology is an emerging discipline that studies the tourism industry using sociological theories such as social holism and social interaction to examine the conditions and mechanisms for the healthy operation and coordinated development of its various components. Here are 223 excellent sociology of tourism paper topics for reference!

1. On Tourism Culture: Perspectives from Cultural Anthropology
2. Innovative Approaches to Teaching Tourism Etiquette in Higher Vocational Education
3. Variations in Well-being Among Women in Western Ethnic Tourism Communities: A Case Study of Taoping Qiang Village in Sichuan
4. The Structuring and Destructuring of Local Traditional Culture through Tourism Development: A Case Study of the Yellow River Cultural Tourism in Sanjiao Town, Liulin County
5. Anthropology and Ethnic Tourism: Practices in China
6. Research on Ethnic Tourism Development and the Spatial Production of Ethnic Culture: A Case Study of Lugu Lake in Yanyuan County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan
7. Research on Mitigating Social Conflicts in Tourism in Western Ethnic Regions: Based on Observations of Sichuan’s Tourism Development
8. The Impact of Tourism on the Self-care Ability of Elderly Populations in Rural Shaanxi
9. Research on the Relationship Between Female Life Cycles and Travel Intentions
10. Perceptions of Tourism Impacts Among Residents in Ethnic Minority Areas of Heilongjiang: A Case Study of Jiejinkou Hezhen Ethnic Group
11. Social Interactions and Cross-cultural Adaptation of Africans in China: From the Perspective of Tourism Anthropology
12. Research on the Social Impact of Tourism Resource Development on Ethnic Minority Women: A Case Analysis of Zhoucheng Village in Dali
13. Field Research on Tourism Resources in Baili Gorge from the Perspective of Ecological Aesthetics
14. After the Introduction of Western Learning: Tourism Anthropology in China
15. Domestic and Public Spheres: The Impact of Rural Tourism on Community Women—A Case Study of Hekou Village in Shandong
16. An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Community Participation in Ecotourism
17. Ethnic Traditional Social Organizations and the Development of Indigenous Sports Cultural Tourism: A Case Study of the “Oil Pot” Organization of the Bai Ku Yao in Nandan, Guangxi
18. Research on Tourism Cognition, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions of University Student Volunteers: Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior
19. A Qualitative Study on Tourism Experiences and Needs of Female University Students
20. Reflections on the Localization of Community Participation in Rural Tourism Development Research
21. Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on the Production and Lifestyles of Residents in the Lugu Lake Area
22. Memory, Materiality, and Tourism
23. Governance in Ethnic Tourism Communities: Conceptual Connections and Internal Mechanisms
24. Research on Marketing Strategies Based on Female Tourism Consumption Behavior
25. Analysis of Internal and External Benefit Balancing Mechanisms in Community Participation in Tourism Development
26. The Evolution of Traditional Settlement Landscapes in Ethnic Tourism Fields: An Anthropological Study of Longji Scenic Area
27. Research on Resident Behavior in Tourism Management of Fujian Tulou (Nanjing)
28. Research on Factors Leading to the Empowerment of Women in Western Ethnic Tourism Communities
29. Demand and Constraints for Outbound Tourism Among Chinese Elderly: Based on a Market Survey of Middle-aged and Elderly in Beijing
30. Research on the Relationship Between Tourism Developers and Community Residents Based on Game Theory
31. Research on Changes in Family Relationships in Hainan’s Tourism-based Poverty Alleviation Areas
32. Analysis and Development Strategies for the Female Tourism Market in Qinghai Lake Scenic Area
33. ASEB Analysis of Experiential Tourism and Development Strategies: A Case Study of Huangyao Ancient Town
34. Micro-scale Restructuring of Social Space in Tourism Villages Over the Past 25 Years: A Case Study of Gougezhuang Village in Yesanpo, Hebei
35. Female Tourism Safety from a Social Psychological Perspective: A Case Study of Sexual Harassment by Tour Guides in Thailand
36. Reflections on Tourism Statistics
37. Analysis of Urban Image and the Development of Yangzhou’s Tourism Economy
38. Research on Female Tourism Consumption Preferences Based on Self-concept
39. Analysis of Elderly Tourism Decision-making Processes: From the Perspective of Rational Choice Theory
40. Research on the Development of Rural Micro-tourism Enterprises from a Social Relationship Perspective
41. The Tourism Era: Building Cultural Brands and Traditional Reconstruction—An Anthropological Study of the Hakka Ancestral Worship in Ninghua Shibi
42. Cultural Integrity in Tourism Practices: A New Exploration of Steward’s “Levels of Sociocultural Integration” Theory
43. The Influence and Reshaping of Social Capital in Occupational Transitions for Tourism Destination Residents: A Pingyao Case Study
44. Perceptions and Attitudes of Residents Toward the Impacts of Theme Park Tourism: A Case Study of Changzhou Global Dinosaur Park
45. An Exploration of Tourism Destination Development from the Perspective of Relocation-based Elderly Care
46. Research on Multidimensional Space Production in Cultural Heritage Tourism Destinations Based on Field Theory: A Case Study of Zhouzhuang Ancient Town in Jiangnan
47. A Sociological Analysis of Community Participation in Tourism Development
48. A Critique of Rural Tourism: From a Sociological Perspective
49. A Preliminary Exploration of Tourism Field Surveys
50. Research on Empowerment in Rural Tourism Communities in Ethnic Regions
51. Research on Residents’ Perceptions of Ecotourism Impacts in the Li River Basin
52. Research on the Effects of Rural Tourism Development Based on Resident Perceptions: A Case Study of Sangmu Village
53. An Analysis of the Impact of Tourism Development on the Mosuo Community at Lugu Lake
54. Cultural Tourism and Ideological Education for Youth: A Case Study of the “Four Modernizations and Three Tours” Summer Camp in Baoxing
55. On the Authenticity of Tourism from an Anthropological Perspective
56. Obstacles and Breakthroughs in the Development of the Self-drive Tourism Market in Economically Underdeveloped Cities: A Case Study of Jiujiang
57. Tourism Anthropology and Research on Socio-cultural Changes in Tourism
58. A Review of Research on Host-Guest Interactions in Tourism Destinations
59. Tourism Happiness and the Value, Perspectives, and Prospects of Its Research
60. An Analysis of the Current State of Tourism Anthropology Research in China: Based on a Sample of Core Journal Articles from the Last Decade
61. A Review of the Impact of Rural Tourism on Rural Women
62. Investigation and Analysis of Ticket Evasion Among University Students in Tourism
63. The Application of Psychological Tourism in Adjusting Interpersonal Communication Barriers Among University Students
64. An Analysis of the Interactive Influence Between Tourism Lifestyle Orientation and Community Cultural Exchange
65. A Network Governance Framework for Community Tourism: A Case Analysis
66. Research on Nanjing’s International Tourism Development Strategy: Based on a Tourism Sociology Examination
67. A Discussion on the Relationship Between Modern Tourism and Sociology
68. Research on Tourism Development and Social Assessment Based on Anthropology
69. Tourism Anthropology: Ethnographic Care for “Temporary Communities”
70. On Quality of Life: An Analysis Based on a Tourism Perspective
71. Folk Ritual Tourism and Its Development from the Perspective of Symbolic Anthropology
72. Local “Stranger Society” in Tourism Contexts: A Field Study Based on Tourism at Lingqu in Guilin
73. Gender Research and Methodological Reflections on Ethnic Tourism in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi
74. The Collusion of Authenticity: Reflections on Tourism Anthropology
75. A Theoretical Analysis of the Partnership Between Tourism and Anthropology
76. Hospitable Hosts: Reflections on the “Host-Guest” Paradigm in Tourism Anthropology
77. On Kinship Terms as Symbolic Media for Expressing Tourism Hospitality: A Case Study of “Little Ladies” in Anshun Tunpu
78. “Resident Guests”: A Quasi-intermediary Group Between “Tourists” and “Hosts”—An Tourism Anthropology Investigation of Lijiang Dayan, Shuhe, and Dali Shaxi
79. The Field Transition from “Agriculture to Tourism” and a Practical Explanation of Gender Division of Labor in Ethnic Minorities
80. Urban Image Theory and the Shaping of Industrial Heritage Tourism Image: A Case Study of Tiexi District in Shenyang
81. How Anthropologists Become Cultural Experts in the Tourism Industry
82. Progress and Methodological Reflections on Gender Research in Ethnic Tourism in Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi
83. New Models for Sustainable Development of Characteristic Tourism in Ethnic Areas During New Rural Construction: A Sociological Investigation of Fengxiangpo Dong Ethnic Village in Enshi, Hubei
84. Cultural Anthropology Research and Tourism Planning
85. The Commodification of Ethnic Culture and Tourism Crafts
86. Tourism Anthropology Research on Community Participation: A Case Study of Dai Ethnic Garden in Xishuangbanna
87. A Review of Research on Ethnic Tourism and Ethnic Minority Women
88. An Anthropological Analysis of Cultural Changes and Protection in Ethnic Border Areas During Tourism Development
89. Reflections on Tourism Anthropology Research
90. Rural Tourism Development and Local Cultural Consciousness: Cultural Structure and Destructuring from a Tourism Anthropology Perspective
91. Tradition and Modernity in Tourism Spaces: An Anthropological Analysis of Tourism in the Dai Ethnic Village of Manlong
92. Toward a Practical Anthropology: A Field Experiment Report on Tourism Anthropology in Xizhou, Dali
93. “Face” Consumption and Tourism Product Development
94. The Philosophy of Happiness and Leisure Experience: Tourism Aesthetic Culture in the Consumption Era
95. Tourism and Anthropology: Research and Practice
96. Also Talking About “Communitas”: A Tourism Experience from an Anthropological Perspective
97. Research on the Teaching of “Principles of Statistics” in Tourism Management Programs
98. Analysis and Research on Sexual Harassment Experienced by Female Tourism Management Students During Internships: A Case Study of Hunan First Normal University
99. Investigation, Analysis, and Reflections on the Job Intentions of Tourism Management Students
100. Tourism Economic Development and Consumption Behavior of Young Men in Naxi Ethnic Rural Areas: A Case Study of Hai Village in Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan
101. Categorization of Residents in Nanyue Ancient Town Based on Perceptions of Tourism Impacts
102. Rethinking Community Participation in Tourism Development
103. Tourism Anthropology Research on Community Participation: A Case Study of Yangshuo Shangri-La
104. The Interaction Between Tourism and Culture: A Reunderstanding of Tourism Anthropology
105. Symbolic Signs and Ethnic Cultural Identity in Tourism Crafts
106. China’s Aging Population and New Developments in Elderly Tourism
107. The Construction and Interpretation of Cultural Symbols: An Anthropological Investigation of Hani Ethnic Folk Tourism Development
108. A Brief Analysis of the Positive Impact of Holiday Tourism on the Growth of Young Students
109. “Rural Tourism” from the Perspective of Tourism Anthropology
110. A Cultural Anthropological Interpretation of Tourism Commodity Consumption
111. An Analysis of Street Crime Among Migrant Minors in Tourism Cities
112. Changes in the Family Roles of Bai Ethnic Rural Women in Tourism Development: A Case Study of Xinhua Village in Heqing County, Yunnan
113. Modernity, Postmodernity, and Rural Tourism
114. Tourism Anthropology Research on Community Participation: A Case Study of Yangshuo Yulong River
115. Construction and Validation of a Chinese Tourism Consumer Power Scale
116. An Anthropological Analysis of Buddhist Cultural Tourism Experiences at Fanjingshan
117. A Review of Research on Female Tourism Consumption Behavior Domestically and Internationally
118. Modern Pilgrimage: Reflections on the Positioning of Fanjingshan Cultural Tourism—An Anthropological Analysis of Modern Tourism
119. Research on Gender Differences in Tourism Consumption Behavior Among University Students: A Case Study of University Students in Qinghai
120. Analysis of Female Tourism Consumption Behavior and Influencing Factors
121. The Impact of Tourism Development in Dali Ancient City on Local Residents’ Lifestyles
122. Questioning the Tourism Ritual Theory
123. Reflections on the “One-Dimensional” Research Orientation in Tourism Anthropology
124. Research on Development Models of Traditional Settlements in Bhutan Against the Backdrop of Tourism Development
125. Evaluation of the Happiness Index of Farmers in Rural Communities of Agricultural Eco-landscape Rural Tourism Destinations: A Case Study of Naxi Ethnic Township in Mangkang County, Changdu
126. Female Hosts and Folk Heritage in the Context of Folk Tourism
127. Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on Interpersonal Relationships in Rural Communities: A Case Study of Danxia Mountain
128. Research on Interaction Spaces in Ethnic Tourism Communities: A Case Study of Dai Ethnic Garden Scenic Area in Xishuangbanna
129. Social Network Ideas and Research Paradigms in Tourism Discipline Research
130. An Empirical Study on Ethnic Community Residents’ Perceptions of the Impact of Tourism Activities on Local Characteristics: A Case Study of Jaju Tibetan Village in Danba County, Sichuan
131. A Review of the Marginalization of Indigenous Communities in Tourism Development
132. Multiple Forces Inhibiting the Formation of China’s National Tourism Image
133. Investigation of Perceptions of Lifestyle Changes Among Island Residents Under Tourism Disturbance: A Case Study of Chongming Island
134. Research on Integrated Protection and Creative Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Famous City Tourism: A Case Study of She County in Huangshan
135. Causes and Main Forms of the Prosperity of Women’s Tourism in the Tang Dynasty
136. Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on Changes in Female Roles: A Case Study of Bai Ethnic Women in Zhoucheng, Dali
137. Public Relations: A Necessary Means of Tourism Marketing
138. An Empirical Study on Tourism Preferences of Women in Small Cities
139. An Analysis of Female Tourism Consumption Motivation
140. Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on the Quality of Life of Residents in Historical Districts
141. Research on Changes in Social Concepts Based on Intergenerational Differences in Female Tourism Consumption Behavior
142. Statistical Scientific Research on the Current State of Forest Tourism in Saihanba
143. The Application of Local Aesthetic Experience in Tourism Urbanization
144. Research on Gender Differences in Tourism Preference Selection
145. Public Relations Strategies for Tourism Development in Western Regions in the New Era: A Case Study of Hezhou City
146. The Evolution of Tourism Concepts and Social Development
147. An Analysis of Tourism Consumption Behavior and Marketing Strategies for Young Women in Loudi City
148. Emerging Trends in Solo Female Travel and Market Development Strategies
149. An Empirical Study on Women’s Motivation to Participate in Eco-agricultural Tourism from an “Empowerment” Perspective
150. The Value of Tourism Anthropology in the Discipline of Anthropology
151. Social Network Analysis of Guangxi Folk Cultural Tourism Routes
152. The Textualization and Sanctification of Tourism Landscapes: Dual Perspectives of Semiotics and Sociology
153. Heritage Tourism and Local Society: Tourism Anthropology Research on the Lingqu Cultural Heritage
154. Tourism Development and Social Changes in Ethnic Villages: Based on a Survey of Luoping Village in Shennongxi Scenic Area, Western Hubei
155. International NGO Projects and Ecotourism Community Development: A Case Study of Yubeng Scenic Area in Meili Snow Mountain National Park
156. Tourism Is Actually Embedded in Many Aspects of Life: Interview with an Anthropologist (No. 60)
157. Research on Changes in the Social Roles of Ethnic Minority Women in Tourism Development: A Case Analysis of Xinhua Bai Ethnic Tourism Village in Dali
158. Tourism Development and Changes in Village Communities: A Case Study of Ch川zigou Village in Songpan County
159. A Review of Foreign Research on Barriers to Tourism for People with Disabilities
160. Multiple Stepwise Regression Analysis of Factors Influencing Tourism Decisions of Elderly Tourists
161. Tourism in the Perspectives of Anthropology and Sociology: Dialogue and Reflection
162. Research on the Impact of Tourism Development on Changes in the Family Status of Ethnic Minority Women: A Comparative Analysis of Wukeshu Village and Yuehu Village in Stone Forest, Yunnan
163. A New Exploration of Cultural Space Protection and Sustainable Tourism Development in Ethnic Villages
164. The Interaction Between Ethnic Tourism and Social Gender from the Perspective of Bourdieu’s Practice Theory: A Case Study of Longsheng Jinkeng Hong Yao
165. On Tourism and the Comprehensive Development of People
166. Between Curtain Fall and Rise: Actors and Audiences in Tourism and Fieldwork
167. Research on the Structural Factors Influencing Urban Tourism Economy in China: Based on Statistical Survey Data from 291 Prefecture-level Cities and Above
168. An Empirical Investigation and Analysis of the Socio-cultural Impact of Rural Tourism on Hui Ethnic Community Residents: A Case Study of Gucheng Village in Ningxia
169. Tourism Anthropology and Tourism Development: An Interview with Professor Peng Zhaorong, a Tourism Anthropologist
170. Rural Tourism and Social Changes in Rural Areas
171. How Tourism Becomes Human Happiness: Also on How Happy Tourism Is Possible
172. A Review of Foreign Research on Gender and Tourism
173. Social Responses of Villagers to Tourism Development: A Conflict Theory Perspective—A Case Study of Yakou Village in Zhongshan
174. Investigation of Modern Women’s Tourism Motivation
175. Research on the Tourism Behavior Characteristics of “Post-80s” Lesbians
176. Feasibility and Strategies for Developing the Outbound Tourism Market for Urban Women
177. Points to Note When Using Statistical Modeling for Tourism Research
178. The Application of Constructivist Theory in the Teaching of “Principles of Statistics” in Tourism Management Programs
179. An Outline of Folk Tourism Studies
180. Constructive Thoughts on Tourism Sociology
181. A Preliminary Exploration of Tourism Interaction Issues
182. Statistical Analysis of Tourism Interests Among Chinese Urban Residents
183. A Glimpse into Foreign Tourism Sociology Research
184. Analysis and Reflections on Neo-Durkheimian Theory in Western Tourism Sociology Research
185. When Play Becomes a Consumption Machine: A Tourism Anthropology Study of Changes in Consumer Society Forms in China
186. Pilgrimage and Tourism: Turner’s “Liminality” Research and Tourism Anthropology
187. The Role of Anthropology in Ethnic Tourism Development
188. Tradition and Modernity: Research on Festival Culture in the Process of Tourism Development—A Case Study of Village T in Anshun City, Guizhou
189. Symbols and Structure in Ethnic Tourism: An Interpretation from an Anthropological Perspective
190. Research on the Impact of Rural Tourism on Women in Ethnic Communities: An Investigation of Jaju Tibetan Village Scenic Area in Sichuan
191. An Analysis of Women and Tourism-based Poverty Alleviation
192. The Tourism Psychology of Contemporary Youth
193. A Preliminary Exploration of Household Tourism Consumption Behavior
194. An Anthropological Perspective: On the Essence of Tourism and Its Socio-cultural Impact
195. Research on Wives’ Participation in Tourism Decisions
196. Tourism from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology
197. Development Prospects and Management Strategies for China’s Female Tourism Market
198. An Analysis of Guizhou’s Rural Tourism Cultural Resources and the Traditional Cultural Quality of the Rural Population
199. The Generation of Art in the Gaze of the Other: An Anthropological Investigation of the

Six Key Points to Note When Writing a Good Academic Abstract

An abstract, also known as a content summary, is an integral component of an academic paper. According to national standards, an abstract is “a short text that aims to provide an overview of the document’s content, stating the important points of the literature in a concise and precise manner without commentary or supplementary explanation.”

An abstract should possess independence and self-containedness, functioning as a complete short text. Its content should contain the same amount of key information as the paper, allowing readers to grasp the main points without reading the full text. The abstract summarizes the viewpoints of the paper, with emphasis on results and conclusions. It should not include charts, formulas, or other non-textual elements.

Generally speaking, abstracts can be categorized into informative abstracts and indicative abstracts.

An informative abstract provides a concise summary of the topic scope and content outline of the paper. It presents the main information—such as research objectives, methods, results, and conclusions—in a generalized and non-annotated manner. Within a limited word count, it contains information equivalent to the original text, enabling readers to understand the essence without reading the full paper. Typically, social sciences are more suited to informative abstracts.

Example 1: “Research on the Weakening of Higher Education’s Social Mobility Function” (Journal of Educational Development, 2013.9)

Abstract: From the perspectives of human capital theory, screening hypothesis theory, and labor market segmentation theory, the mechanism through which higher education influences social mobility lies in individuals attaining higher economic and occupational status by receiving higher education, thereby moving from the lower social strata to the middle and upper classes. Compared to the elite stage of higher education, the social mobility function of higher education in China currently shows a weakening trend, primarily due to unequal access to higher education, an oversupply of university graduates, and unfair employment practices for graduates. Therefore, effective countermeasures to eliminate the weakening of higher education’s social mobility function involve achieving equal access to higher education, balancing the supply and demand of university graduates, and ensuring fair employment.

An indicative abstract mainly provides a brief introduction to the research premise, purpose, tasks, and involved thematic scope. It is commonly used in natural sciences, though many social sciences such as economics are gradually adopting this type.

Example 2: “Education and Resignation from the Perspective of Human Capital Theory: A Study Based on Urban Residents in China” (Economic Science, 2007.1)

Abstract: Based on a literature overview, this paper proposes two propositions regarding the relationship between education and resignation from the perspective of human capital theory: first, that education is positively correlated with resignation, and second, that individuals with a high school diploma have a higher probability of resigning than those with a vocational secondary education. Using CHIP-2002 data, statistical and econometric analyses were conducted to verify these propositions. Finally, by examining the differences in the relationship between education and resignation in China and abroad, it was found that the cause lies in significant differences in corporate training conditions. The policy implication of this paper is that enterprises should increase their investment in employee training.

Writing Requirements:

1. Completeness: The main content (or viewpoints) elaborated in the paper must not be omitted. The abstract should be written as a complete short text that can stand alone.

2. Emphasis on Key Points: The abstract must highlight the research results (or central argument) of the paper and the conclusive significance, while other elements can be written concisely.

3. Objectivity in Presentation: The abstract should generally only describe the objective circumstances of the research topic. Subjective evaluations of the research process, methods, and results, as well as comparisons with other studies, are not appropriate. The value of a research result will be judged by public opinion; self-promotion is unnecessary. Thus, factual accuracy is also a fundamental principle in writing an abstract. The abstract should not serve as a supplement, annotation, or summary of the main text, nor should it interpret or comment on the paper’s content, much less include self-evaluations.

4. Conciseness in Language: The writing of the abstract must be carefully considered, using refined and summarized language. Each element should not be expanded with explanations or arguments.

5. Use of Third Person: The abstract should be written in the third person.

6. Avoid Repetition of Title Information: The abstract should not simply repeat information already present in the title.

For example, if a paper is titled “On the Concept of Academic Management and the Reform of the Internal Management System in Higher Education Institutions,” the abstract should not begin with “In order to… research was conducted on the concept of academic management and the reform of the internal management system in higher education institutions.” Similarly, content that should appear in the introduction should not be included in the abstract.

Common issues found in many students’ paper abstracts include:

1. Lack of emphasis on key points;
2. Poor logical rigor;
3. Inefficient expression;
4. Incomplete content.

What are the Academic Journals (How to Choose a Journal for Publishing Papers)

What are the journals for publishing papers? Which journals can publish papers? Many authors want to publish papers but don’t know which journal to choose. Today we will discuss this issue.

Papers can be published in domestic general journals, Chinese core journals, SCI journals, or SSCI journals. The choice of journal depends on the author’s needs and the purpose of publication.

For example, if an undergraduate student wants to publish a paper, Chinese core journals are basically out of reach because domestic core journals generally do not accept papers from undergraduate students. Undergraduates can only publish in domestic general journals.

For undergraduate students, their academic research level is generally not yet high enough, and most undergraduate papers don’t have significant academic value. Therefore, it’s unlikely they would be published in particularly prestigious journals. Additionally, undergraduate thesis papers typically don’t have publication requirements. Most undergraduates publish papers for postgraduate recommendation or scholarship purposes, so publishing in general journals is usually sufficient.

For master’s and doctoral students, the requirements are higher. Publishing only in general journals is not enough. Many science and engineering students are required to publish SCI papers to graduate. For humanities students, they might be required to publish in C-journals, though not all institutions have such requirements since publishing in C-journals is quite challenging. Similarly, publishing in SSCI journals is even more difficult.

For authors seeking professional title evaluation, the requirements depend on the specific title. For intermediate titles, publishing in general journals may be sufficient. For senior titles, publication in core journals or SCI journals might be required.

Generally, it is recommended to consider publishing in SCI journals because the value of SCI journals is no less than that of core journals, and in some ways, the publication difficulty might be lower. Domestic core journals have very high requirements for authors’ qualifications, including education background, institutional affiliation, experience, and professional titles. The review process is lengthy and not very transparent.

However, SCI journals are different. Even undergraduate students can publish in SCI journals as long as their papers meet the journal’s publication standards. SCI papers are submitted online, and the entire review process is transparent and visible through the system.

Additionally, SCI papers have higher international recognition than core journals, especially for authors with study abroad plans. Having two SCI papers can be very helpful when applying to foreign institutions.

When publishing papers, it’s crucial to find reliable publication channels. Authors can either find the journal’s contact information through CNKI or seek out trustworthy, professional paper publication services with good customer service. Before consulting, check if their website has sufficient original and professional content that is convincing. Also, consider how long they have been established—if it’s too short, it might be better to look elsewhere.